10 characteristics of VERTEBRATE ANIMALS

the underedge vertebrata contains all animals that possess backbones, gills, and a central nervous system in at least one stage of development. Vertebrates include amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds, as well as jawless fish, bony fish, sharks, and rays.

have been described more than 64,000 species of vertebrates, but extant vertebrate species represent only a small portion of all vertebrates that have ever existed. Vertebrates range in size from the frog species Paedophryne amauensis (as small as 7.7mm) to the blue whale (as large as 33m). Vertebrates comprise about 4 percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, lacking backbones.

Characteristics of vertebrate animals

1. All vertebrates are built along the basic body plan: a rigid rod running the length of the animal (vertebral column), with a hollow tube of nervous tissue (the spinal cord) above it, and the gastrointestinal tract below.
2. In all vertebrates, there is a mouth at the front end of the animal and an anus before the rear end of the body.
3. There is a line posterior to the anus during at least one phase of the animal's development.
4. Vertebrates are defined by the presence of the spine. In vertebrates, the notochord develops into the vertebral column, or vertebral column: a series of bony vertebrae separated by movable discs. These vertebrae are always found on the dorsal side of the animal. However, some vertebrates have lost their vertebrae and instead retain the notochord into adulthood (for example, the sturgeon fish).
5. Vertebrates too They are the only members of Chordata to possess a brain.. In chordates, the central nervous system is based on a hollow nerve tube that runs dorsal to the notochord throughout the animal. In vertebrates, the anterior end of the nerve tube is expanded and differentiates into three brain vesicles.



6. vertebrates They are the largest group of chordates, with more than 62,000 living species. Vertebrates are grouped based on anatomical and physiological features. Traditional groups include the Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
7. Everyone has a circulatory system made up of blood vessels and a heart.
8. They have a peripheral and a central nervous system.
9. They can be warm-blooded or cold-blooded, warm-blooded, like mammals, maintain a constant body temperature, cold-blooded, on the other hand, adjust their body temperature depending on the outside temperature.
10. They have a skin that covers them composed of a dermis and an epidermis. In the epidermis is where the hairs, scales, nails or horns are born.

Animals with jaws are known as gnathostomes, which means "jawed mouth." Gnathostomes include fish and tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Tetrapods can be divided into two groups: amphibians and amniotics.

Amniotes are animals whose eggs are adapted for terrestrial life; this group includes mammals, reptiles, and birds. Developing in an egg with an outer shell or in a female-carried egg, amniotic embryos have a water-retaining environment and are protected by amniotic membranes.

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