10 characteristics of FIBER OPTICS

Fiber optic cables are made up of multiple strands of optical fibers., hair-shaped strands of pure crystal designed to transmit light. When hundreds or thousands of these strands are put together, they are capable of transmitting light waves up to 60 miles. Electrical signals, such as TV, voice, or data signals, are converted to high-quality optical signals by an optical transmitter and sent at the speed of light, resulting in a fast, high-quality method of data transmission.

He concept of guiding reflected light was demonstrated as early as the 1840s, when French scientists Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet were able to transmit light along a stream of liquid, called a "tube of light". Using this principle, fiber optic cable was first developed commercially in the 1970s, revolutionizing the telecommunications industry. Until then, signals had been sent and received using copper wires or satellite systems, which have now been largely replaced by fiber optic technology.

fiber optic cables now are used as the predominant form of transmission in communications, cable TV and Internet. The continued development of Internet technology has only been possible through the use of fiber optics. The latest development is a direct connection to the Internet, called "fiber to the home" (FTTH), which provides superior connection speed and quality. FTTH services are still very limited because the cost compared to standard Internet connections is very high.

Fiber optic characteristics

1. Low attenuation. Networks are greatly expanded without the use of a repeater.
2. wide bandwidth. Great capacity for simultaneous voice, data and video transmission.
3. Immunity to electromagnetic interference. No shielding issues. There is no interference.
4. NEMP immunity Uses in spaces with nuclear radiation for high security applications without problems.
5. not conductive Transmitter and receiver electrically isolated.



6. Not inductive. There is no danger of sparks from short circuits. Perfect for all kinds of uses and environments
7. Small size, small radius of curvature. Space efficient.
8. Ease of installation and light weight. with the resulting cost benefits.
9. Use in existing duct systems. If there is already a system installed for the installation of network cabling, you can switch to fiber optics without problems.
   
10. Characteristic structure. Optical fibers consist of a pure glass core surrounded by multiple layers. The first layer is a reflective coating, which acts like a long, flexible mirror, reflecting light along the glass core. This principle is known as total internal reflection. An outer protective layer known as a "buffer" coating is then applied to protect the fiber from damage and moisture. Bundles of these optical fibers are enclosed with a reinforcing layer of aramid yarn and finally a plastic "jacket" to create a complete fiber optic cable.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

Fiber optic cables provide superior quality transmissions compared to copper and satellite systems. Long-distance telecommunications using satellite technology is prone to weak connections and echoes, which are greatly improved when using fiber optics. Copper cables used for electrical transmission are much larger and heavier, have much lower bandwidth capacity, are affected by electromagnetic interference, and are prone to higher loss rates over long distances. These problems are virtually eliminated with the use of fiber optic technology.

Disadvantages

Despite its many advantages, fiber optic cables are still the most expensive option in almost all applications. Depending on the type and scale of the project, other options may be economically favorable compared to fiber optics. In particular, the "splicing" or bonding of cables over long distances is difficult and expensive. Additionally, fiber optic cabling does not have the ability to transfer power in addition to data, compared to traditional copper cabling.

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